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Tina:求助一款抗抑郁的药  邮箱:21988746@qq.com  IP:222.92.23.186  日期:2012-8-13 [回复1楼]

  求助一款抗抑郁的药
  母亲本身就是个内向的人,自从患了帕病后,就愈发的抑郁。
  药物的副反应也有因素,所以想加服一款抗抑郁的药来缓解。
  
  目前服药的有:美多巴、息宁、纽普罗贴片、印度雷沙吉兰、进口安坦和森福罗(因才买的贴片,所以安坦和森福罗还在逐渐减少中,打算以后以贴片为主,取消安坦和森福罗)。
  
  麻烦大家推荐一款吧。。。万谢! 

章华:回复1楼 Tina  邮箱:drdanielcheung@gmail.com  IP:220.246.74.155  日期:2012-8-14 [回复2楼]

  回复1楼 Tina
  回复1楼 Tina:求助一款抗抑郁的药
  
  抑郁症是一个很重要的话题,对于目前在临床上应用的大部分抗抑郁症药物来说,首先如果我们要用雷沙吉兰的话,抗抑郁症药物就必须限制,包括SSRI,SSRA,NaSSA等等,特别是SSRI(选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂),和女性乳癌有相当大的关联,必须小心应用。
  而比较安全且有效的方法,可以考虑摄取SAMe(S-腺苷蛋氨酸)来治疗抑郁症包括重度抑郁症(但不适用于躁狂症),有几大功能,包括抗抑郁症,还有适用于帕金森症的增加多巴胺合成,另外对骨关节炎的好处。在欧洲自70年代开始已经用于抑郁症的治疗,副作用是非常小的。
  我把国际上对SAMe的一些研究附了一点,有兴趣的可以再深入。
  我的推荐剂量是每天800mg至1600mg,分二次服用,三周为一个疗程。
  
  Psychiatry Res 1995 Apr 28;56(3):295-7
  
  Rapidity of onset of the antidepressant effect of parenteral
  S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
  
  Fava M, Giannelli A, Rapisarda V, Patralia A, Guaraldi GP
  
  Depression Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
  
  A possible method of reducing the delay in antidepressant response is to use
  S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), a naturally occurring compound that appears to
  have a rapid onset of effect in the treatment of depression. In this open,
  multicenter study, 195 patients were given 400 mg of SAMe, administered
  parenterally, for 15 days. Depressive symptoms remitted after both 7 and 15
  days of treatment with SAMe, and no serious adverse events were reported.
  Further studies with a double-blind design are needed to confirm this
  preliminary indication that SAMe is a relatively safe and fast-acting
  antidepressant.
  ========================================
  Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1994;154:7-14
  
  S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical
  studies.
  
  Bressa GM
  
  Department of Psychiatry, University Cattolica Sacro Cuore School of Medicine,
  Rome, Italy.
  
  INTRODUCTION--S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) is a naturally-occurring substance
  which is a major source of methyl groups in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS--We
  conducted a meta-analysis of the studies on SAMe to assess the efficacy of this
  compound in the treatment of depression compared with placebo and standard
  tricyclic antidepressants. RESULTS--Our meta-analysis showed a greater response
  rate with SAMe when compared with placebo, with a global effect size ranging
  from 17% to 38% depending on the definition of response, and an antidepressant
  effect comparable with that of standard tricyclic antidepressants.
  CONCLUSION--The efficacy of SAMe in treating depressive syndromes and disorders
  is superior with that of placebo and comparable to that of standard tricyclic
  antidepressants. Since SAMe is a naturally occurring compound with relatively
  few side-effects, it is a potentially important treatment for depression.
  ========================================
  Drugs 1994 Aug;48(2):137-52
  
  The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological
  disorders.
  
  Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH
  
  Metabolic Disease Center, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas.
  
  This review focuses on the biochemical and clinical aspects of methylation in
  neuropsychiatric disorders and the clinical potential of their treatment with
  ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine; SAMe). SAMe is required in numerous
  transmethylation reactions involving nucleic acids, proteins, phospholipids,
  amines and other neurotransmitters. The synthesis of SAMe is intimately linked
  with folate and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) metabolism, and deficiencies of
  both these vitamins have been found to reduce CNS SAMe concentrations. Both
  folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may cause similar neurological and
  psychiatric disturbances including depression, dementia, myelopathy and
  peripheral neuropathy. SAMe has a variety of pharmacological effects in the
  CNS, especially on monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and receptor systems.
  SAMe has antidepressant properties, and preliminary studies indicate that it
  may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia. Treatment with methyl
  donors (betaine, methionine and SAMe) is associated with remyelination in
  patients with inborn errors of folate and C-1 (one-carbon) metabolism. These
  studies support a current theory that impaired methylation may occur by
  different mechanisms in several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  ============================================================
  Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1994;154:15-8
  
  S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: changes with drug
  treatment.
  
  Bell KM, Potkin SG, Carreon D, Plon L
  
  University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
  
  INTRODUCTION--The relationship between plasma levels of S-adenosylmethionine
  (SAMe), an endogenous methyl donor, and clinical response were studied in
  patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depression. MATERIAL AND
  METHODS--A double-blind randomized protocol comparing oral SAMe with oral
  desipramine, involving a total of 26 patients, was employed. RESULTS--At the
  end of the 4-week trial, 62% of the patients treated with SAMe and 50% of the
  patients treated with desipramine had significantly improved. Regardless of the
  type of treatment, patients with a 50% decrease in their Hamilton Depression
  Scale (HAM-D) score showed a significant increase in plasma SAMe concentration.
  CONCLUSION--The significant correlation between plasma SAMe levels and the
  degree of clinical improvement in depressed patients regardless of the type of
  treatment suggests that SAMe may play an important role in regulating mood.
  =============================================================
  Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1994;154:19-26
  
  S-adenosylmethionine levels in psychiatric and neurological disorders: a
  review.
  
  Bottiglieri T, Hyland K
  
  Metabolic Disease Center, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226.
  
  INTRODUCTION--S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is an important methyl donor in over
  35 methylation reactions involving DNA, proteins, phospholipids and catechol-
  and indole- amines. MATERIAL AND METHODS--This article reviews the studies that
  have examined brain and blood levels of SAMe in several psychological,
  neurological and metabolic disorders. RESULTS--Although studies have found no
  consistent changes in whole blood SAMe levels in psychiatric patients, other
  investigators have found low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SAMe levels in patients
  with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s dementia, subacute combined
  degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD), and HIV-related neuropathies, as well
  as in patients with metabolic disorders such as 5, 10-CH2-H4 folate reductase
  deficiency. CONCLUSION--Intravenous or oral administration of SAMe thus
  represents a possible treatment for these neurological and metabolic disorders 

Tina:回复2楼 章华  邮箱:21988746@qq.com  IP:222.92.23.186  日期:2012-8-14 [回复3楼]

  回复2楼 章华
  回复2楼 章华:回复1楼 Tina
  
  谢谢章医生。
  您说的S-腺苷蛋氨酸,药店或者医院,都有的吧? 

章华:回复3楼 Tina  邮箱:drdanielcheung@gmail.com  IP:203.145.92.137  日期:2012-8-14 [回复4楼]

  回复3楼 Tina
  回复3楼 Tina:回复2楼 章华
  
  目前SAMe在国内市场上有针剂和片剂,都是进口药品,由雅培制药意大利生产的,品牌名叫思美泰,500mg一片装,也不是医保药。价格比较贵,二百元左右十片,说明书只写用于用于肝胆疾病,抗抑郁的功能应该没有提及。可以去找普遍药房以保健品出售的,每片或每粒胶囊装的以200mg的比较合适,可以每次二片,每日二次,如熟悉国外订药途径的完全可以自己订,后面两种实惠很多。 

章华:回复4楼 章华  邮箱:drdanielcheung@gmail.com  IP:220.246.74.155  日期:2012-8-15 [回复5楼]

  回复4楼 章华
  回复4楼 章华:回复3楼 Tina
  昨天晚上有位帕友发邮件给我,想知道一些有关SAMe的更多的资料,说要中文的,我把以下的文章贴出来,虽然文章内有讲肝炎,但主题是抗抑郁症的,希望对帕症中后期常常出现的抑郁症的治疗提供一个新的思路。而且国外有些研究发现SAMe有对神经系统的好处,包括促进多巴胺的合成,所以我想用SAMe是有益无害的。
  
  S-腺苷蛋氨酸联合护理干预治疗慢性丙型肝炎伴抑郁症的临床观察时间:2012-3-22 10:20:02 来源:www.zgyxcx.com
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  
  
  
  杨文英 李莉
  
  
  基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:30760220)
  
  
  作者单位:830054 新疆医科大学第一附属医院 通讯作者:李莉
  
  
  【摘要】 目的 探讨S-腺苷蛋氨酸联合护理干预对慢性丙型肝炎伴抑郁症患者抗抑郁治疗的效果。方法 接受Peg-IFN-2a治疗的慢性丙型肝炎患者10例,在治疗期间发生抑郁症后给予S-腺苷蛋氨酸500 mg/d口服治疗,同时对患者实施护理干预,治疗4周和8周评定ZDS积分。结果 治疗4周、8周后,ZDS积分分别为(45.5±4.4)、(37.8±6.0),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 S-腺苷蛋氨酸结合有效护理干预能快速有效的治疗慢性丙型肝炎伴抑郁症。
  【关键词】慢性丙型肝炎;干扰素;抑郁症;S-腺苷蛋氨酸;护理干预
  
  
  Clinical observation of SAMe combine with nursing intervention in treatment of Chronic hepatitis C with depression YANG Wen-ying,LI Li.The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,China
  【Abstract】 Objective To explore the efficacy of SAMe combine with nursing intervention in treatment of chronic hepatitis C with depression. Methods 10 patients of chronic hepatitis C treated with Peg-IFN-2a accepted SAMe oral medication and nursing intervention when depression occurred.To evaluate the grades of ZDS after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results 4,8 weeks later,the score of ZDS was (45.5±4.4),(37.8±6.0) respectively,there was significant difference between them. Conclusion SAMe combine with nursing intervention is an effective way for the treatment of IFN associated depression.
  【Key words】Chronic hepatitis C; IFN; Depression; SAMe; Nursing intervention
  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.04.006
  
  
  目前,丙型肝炎已呈全球性流行趋势。据世界卫生组织统计,估计全球约1.7亿人感染了HCV,慢性丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)患者约有四千万人,其中20%~30%的患者可发展为肝硬化甚至肝癌,对人类危害极大[1]。当前,丙型肝炎的标准抗病毒治疗方案是干扰素联合利巴韦林,其应答率达70%[2]。干扰素的主要不良反应除流感样症候群、骨髓抑制、诱发自身抗体外,还可导致精神异常。精神异常表现为抑郁、妄想和重症焦虑,其中抑郁症是干扰素治疗丙型肝炎常见的不良反应。研究显示,干扰素在治疗丙型肝炎过程中,抑郁症的发生率为17%~82%,直接影响抗病毒治疗的成败[3]。本研究应用S-腺苷蛋氨酸(S-adenosyl-1-methionine,SAMe)结合有效护理干预,对接受聚乙二醇干扰素α2a(Peg-IFN-α2a)抗病毒治疗过程中出现抑郁症状的丙型肝炎患者进行综合治疗,取得了较好的疗效,现报告如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 2009年1月~2010年5月笔者所在科住院接受Peg-IFN-α2a治疗的10例慢性丙型肝炎患者,在治疗期间经ZUNG抑郁症自测量表(Zung Depression Scale,ZDS)检测确诊为抑郁症。男4例,女6例,年龄18~58岁,平均(38±19.5)岁。干扰素治疗后发生抑郁的时间为11~16周,平均(12.4±4.3)周。患者HCV-RNA阳性,并符合2000年9月西安第十次全国病毒性肝炎和肝病会议修订的诊断标准。排除干扰素应用禁忌证、精神病史、精神病家族史。入组前获得患者知情同意。ZDS积分<40为正常,40~47为轻度,48~55为中度,≥56为重度,其中轻度2例,中度5例,重度3例。
  1.2 方法 Peg-IFN-α2a皮下注射,剂量为180 μg,1次/周。在患者出现抑郁症状时,给予S-腺苷蛋氨酸(思美泰,德国基诺药厂)500 mg口服,1次/d,同时对患者和家属实施护理干预,包括患者的饮食护理、心理支持、药物治疗的护理及患者和家属遵医行为的干预。采用美国Beckman公司生产的CX型生化分析仪检测血生化指标;采用ELISA法检测血清抗-HCV(广州达安基因公司);采用PCR法检测HCV-RNA(广州达安基因公司)。所有评分由固定评分员在药物结合护理干预治疗前及治疗后第4、8周进行。每份答卷由患者独立完成或家属代答。
  1.3 护理措施
  1.3.1 一般护理 合理的饮食可以改善患者的营养状况,促进肝细胞再生和修复,利于肝功能恢复,选择易消化、富有营养、符合个人饮食习惯的食物,鼓励和帮助患者进食。发病期以卧床休息为主,有利于肝细胞的再生与修复,促进康复。恢复期制定动静结合的作息制度,运动以不引起疲乏为度,保证充分的休息,每天睡眠不少于8 h。
  1.3.2 心理护理 慢性丙肝患者承受着不同程度的心理压力,丙肝具有传染性,易受他人的歧视,且病程长、费用高,病情反复发作, 患者对远期效果缺乏信心。药物不良反应多且明显。患病对家庭、事业、经济等方面的影响,使患者易产生抑郁。应主动与患者沟通,询问具体情况,给予心理疏导,消除患者的抑郁情绪, 告知患者,大多数丙肝可以治愈并保持病情长期稳定,精神和躯体的状态可以改善,促使患者积极配合治疗与护理。对抑郁患者最有效的认知行为疗法是分散注意力、心理健康教育和影像演示[4]。护士要帮助患者重新认识自己的价值,调整未来生活目标,树立战胜疾病的信心。
  1.3.3 药物治疗的护理 慢性丙型肝炎治疗主要是以改善肝功能,调节免疫,清除病毒为主。护士在对患者进行个体化护理时,要注意以下几点:(1)护士要全面掌握患者的治疗和用药情况。(2)要掌握干扰素的主要不良反应(有流感样症候群、骨髓抑制、精神异常、甲状腺疾病、食欲减退、体重减轻、腹泻、皮疹、脱发)和注射部位无菌性炎症等不适症状。(3)要掌握S-腺苷蛋氨酸(思美泰)不良反应:服用SAMe后,较轻微和短暂的不良反应为浅表性静脉炎、恶心、短暂失眠、出汗、头痛、胸部烧灼感、上腹痛和腹泻,长期大量应用未见严重不良反应,但可引起严重过敏反应和低血钾[5]等症状。(4)要掌握S-腺苷蛋氨酸注意事项,①对本药过敏者禁用;②有血氨增高的肝硬化前期及肝硬化患者,需在医生监督下口服本药,并注意监测血氨水平;③对本药特别敏感者,偶可引起昼夜节律紊乱,睡前服用催眠药可减轻此症状。如以上情况均表现轻微,勿需中断治疗;④口服片剂为肠溶性,必须整片吞服,不得嚼碎。为使本药更好地吸收和发挥疗效,建议餐间服用;⑤注射用粉末需在临用前用所附溶剂溶解,静脉注射应当非常缓慢;⑥注射剂不可与碱性液体或含钙离子的液体混合;⑦包装有微小裂口或暴露于热源过久,结晶由白色变为其他颜色时,不能继续使用。
  1.3.4 患者和家属遵医行为的干预患者的社会支持主要来源于家属,家属的态度和行为是影响治疗效果的重要因素之一[6]。由于慢性丙肝病程长,当病情稳定后,大多要回家休养调整,因此对家属的指导非常必要,护士应对家属进行疾病知识、服药知识及家庭护理指导,促进患者康复。对患者与家属进行医嘱依从性联合干预,是保证慢性肝病联合治疗连续性的积极方案[7]。
  1.4 统计学处理 应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 抑郁症治疗结果 口服思美泰结合有效护理干预治疗4周后,ZDS积分较治疗前显著降低。治疗8周后,与4周相比,ZDS积分进一步降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。见表1。
  表1 思美泰结合护理干预治疗前后ZDS积分
  情况(x±s)
  治疗前 治疗4周 治疗8周 治疗结束
  ZDS积分 55.6±4.7 45.5±4.43 7.8±6.03 4.1±3.9
  t值14.6 15.7 25.8
  P值0.000 0.000 0.000
  2.2 不良反应 本研究过程中未发现与应用思美泰有关的不良反应。
  3 讨论
  干扰素单独或联合应用治疗慢性病毒性肝炎时,患者的依从性对获得最佳的治疗反应甚为重要,但在干扰素治疗过程中,患者常因出现各种不同的精神障碍,包括人格障碍、情感障碍、抑郁、焦虑、自杀倾向和躁狂等而影响了疗效,其中抑郁症是干扰素治疗丙型肝炎常见的不良反应[3]。S-腺苷蛋氨酸制剂是一种兼顾护肝及抗抑郁药物,于上世纪七十年代末已经应用于抑郁症的治疗,国外研究表明,腺苷蛋氨酸制剂具有明确的抗抑郁作用[8]。我国研究者发现,SAMe是一种安全有效的天然抗抑郁药物[9]。在本研究中,干扰素相关的抑郁症患者,在口服思美泰治疗同时,结合有效护理干预4周后,ZDS积分显著降低,其疗效肯定。治疗后4周和8周复查时,ZDS积分进一步降低,且差异具有统计学意义。干扰素治疗结束时再次评估ZDS积分,均低于40,该结果表明,思美泰抗抑郁治疗同时,结合有效护理干预可纠正干扰素相关的抑郁症。对干扰素引起的抑郁症多采用减少药物剂量或停药方法,以避免精神不良反应的发生,但往往达不到预期的抗病毒治疗效果,甚至一部分丙型肝炎患者不能及时得以治疗。在本研究中,除了药物的正确运用,护士对患者和家属就饮食、药物、心理的指导和对家庭社会支持系统的干预力度,对抗抑郁疗效也有至关重要的作用。对患者与家属的有效护理干预,对医嘱依从性和疗效都会产生较大影响。本研究资料表明,S-腺苷蛋氨酸联合护理干预对干扰素引起的抑郁症是有效的,可使患者继续进行抗病毒治疗,值得临床推广。
  
   

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