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webmaster:Breakthrough in Parkinson’s gene therapy(帕金森基因疗法取得突破)  日期:2007-11-21 [回复1楼]

  Breakthrough in Parkinson’s gene therapy(帕金森基因疗法取得突破)
  The world’s first gene therapy for a brain disease brought about significant improvements in the mobility of Parkinson’s sufferers. American doctors said it could also herald a landmark in the treatment of other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s or epilepsy but there was a lingering doubt that the reports by a dozen patients of improvements of up to 65 per cent in mobility could be anecdotal or due to the placebo effect.
  
  Today, Prof David Eidelberg of the of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York, and colleagues report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences evidence that the brain chemistry of the patients has been altered by gene therapy, ending concerns that the evidence that it worked depended too much on what the patients said and not enough on objective measures. ”It is the first solid evidence of benefit from gene therapy. It is objective,” Prof Eidelberg told The Daily Telegraph.
  
  Parkinson’s affects about 120,000 people in Britain, with 10,000 new cases diagnosed every year. It robs sufferers of the ability to walk and even eat, causes long motionless periods known as ”freezing” as well as head and limb tremors. As the disease progresses, higher doses of drugs are required, leading to side-effects that include involuntary movements.
  
  Sufferers include the former world boxing champion Muhammad Ali and the actor Michael J Fox.
  
  The research team, from the New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Centre and the New Jersey-based company Neurologix, used the gene therapy to fix some of the damage caused by the disease.
  
  Parkinson’s occurs when the brain cells - neurons - that release the messenger chemical known as dopamine die. Protein deposits also form in the brain, and levels of another messenger chemical called GABA - which calms overexcited brain cells - drop.
  
  The study, begun in 2003, was carried out on 11 men and one woman with an average age of 58, who had all had severe Parkinson’s for at least five years and for whom current therapies were no longer effective.
  
  Prof Matthew During from Ohio State University grew copies of the human gene used in the therapy in bacteria from DNA isolated from a human sample and the gene multiplied with the bacteria for the treatment.
  
  The gene was packaged in a virus and patients were given injections of billions of copies of the genetically altered viruses into part of the brain called the subthalamic nucleus. To show that the treatment was truly having an effect, and the gene was being inserted into brain cells, the doctors injected only on one side of their brains, leaving the untreated side of the brain as a control.
  
  Scans to reveal the use of glucose in the brain to signal how active each area is, now show that changes were only significant on the treated side of the brain, said Prof Eidelberg. ”We have been able to identify very distinct metabolism in the brain of Parkinson’s patients.”
  
  Other treatments for Parkinson’s include dopamine and deep brain stimulation with ultrafine electrodes ”reduced significiantly” these activities.
  
  Gene therapy also produced a ”highly significant” reduction in this network at six and 12 months, said Prof Eidelberg. ”The unoperated side showed an increase and the treated sign showed a decline. And the amount of correction we saw on the scans correlated with the observed clinical improvement.”
  
  The researchers are about to start a larger Phase 2 study in Parkinson’s disease this year and a preliminary trial with epilepsy sufferers. The success of this trial lays the foundation for the use of gene therapy against neurological diseases generally, notably Alzheimer’s and epilepsy.
  
  Nathan Klein, 59, the first to undergo the pioneering treatment told The Daily Telegraph that before the gene therapy, he had been ”in a state that nobody could survive”.
  
  Four years ago, Klein had a shuffling gait and tremors that could not be quashed by conventional treatments. Then Dr Michael Kaplitt inserted through the hole in his skull a fine eight inch hypodermic and injected 3.5 billion genetically altered viruses to help correct the chemical imbalance that sparks Parkinson’s.
  
  The television producer told The Daily Telegraph that he was conscious during the five hour operation and ”told them dirty jokes.”
  
  ”Nothing happened for the first week. And then nothing happened for the second week. And then a month, and two months, and then at three months I thought I was a little better, nothing much,” Klein said. ”It was like watching grass grow. But about six months later, I started feeling a lot better.”
  
  ”This is an encouraging initial study with this technique,” commented Prof Carl Clarke of the University of Birmingham. ”However, much larger and longer clinical trials will be required before we can conclude that this treatment is both effective and safe. We are well aware of the large placebo effect in Parkinson’s disease clinical trials.
  
  ”We have also seen encouraging results in small surgery trials with foetal nigral transplants and glial-derived nerve growth factor (GDNF) reversed in larger trials leading to further development being abandoned. It will take clinical trials over the next 5 to 10 years to ensure that this technique works and that it does not harm patients. It will take even longer to establish that it is cost-effective for the NHS to fund.” 
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webmaster:帕金森基因疗法取得突破  日期:2007-11-21 [回复2楼]

  帕金森基因疗法取得突破
  世界上第一个基因治疗大脑疾病带来了显着的改善流动性帕金森病患者。美国医生说,它也可能预示着一个里程碑,在治疗其他神经系统疾病,如阿尔茨海默氏症或癫痫,但有一个挥之不去的疑问说,这些报告是由十多位患者的提升达百分之六十五,在机动性,可轶事或因到了安慰剂效应。
  
  今天,朱教授艾德伯格的的范因斯坦医学研究学院manhasset ,纽约,和他的同事报告,在诉讼程序中的国家科学院的证据表明,大脑化学物质的病人已经改变了基因疗法,截至关注有关证据表明,它取决于太多了什么病人说,并没有足够的客观措施。 ”这是第一个坚实的证据,有利于从基因疗法,它是客观的, ”教授艾德伯格告诉每日电讯报。
  
  帕金森影响到大约12万人在英国,与10000名新诊断出的病例每年都有。它剥夺了病患者的能力,以步行,甚至吃,原因长期不动的时期称为”冻结” ,以及头部和四肢震颤。由于疾病的进展,高剂量的药物需,导致产生的副作用,其中包括不自主运动。
  
  患者包括前世界拳击冠军穆罕默德阿里和演员迈克尔j福克斯。
  
  研究小组,由设在纽约长老会医院/魏尔康奈尔医疗中心和位于新泽西州的公司neurologix ,用基因疗法解决一些损害所造成的疾病。
  
  帕金森发生时,脑细胞-神经细胞-即释放化学信使称为多巴胺死。蛋白质存款也形成在大脑中,和不同程度的另一种化学信使所谓氨基丁酸-这平静o verexcited脑细胞-退学。
  
  这项研究开始于2003年,通过对11名男子和一名女子的平均年龄是58岁,他们都产生了严重的帕金森在至少五年内,并为他们目前的治疗方法已不再有效。
  
  马修教授期间,来自俄亥俄州州立大学成长的副本人类基因用在治疗细菌脱氧核糖核酸隔离从人类样本和基因成倍增加,与细菌,用于治疗。
  
  这种基因被装在一个病毒患者注射的数十亿份的转基因病毒进入的部分大脑称为丘脑底核。这表明了治疗,真正起到了作用,其基因被插入到脑细胞,医生只注入其中一边,他们开动脑筋,把未经处理的部分的大脑作为对照组。
  
  扫描揭示利用葡萄糖在大脑中的信号如何积极每个领域,现在显示的变化,只有显着的关于处理部分的大脑说,教授艾德伯格。 ”我们已经能够确定非常独特的代谢在大脑中的巴金森氏症病患” 。
  
  其他治疗帕金森包括多巴胺和深部脑刺激与超微电极”减少significiantly ”这些活动。
  
  基因疗法还制作了”非常显着”减少在这一网络在6至12个月,教授说艾德伯格。 ”未方所增加,这说明,并经处理的迹象显示下降,而且金额校正我们看到了对扫描相关,与所观察到的临床改善” 。
  
  研究人员正准备开始一个更大的第二阶段研究,在帕金森病的今年一项初步审讯癫痫病患者。这一行动的成功审判奠定了基础,为使用基因疗法治疗神经性疾病,一般,特别是阿尔茨海默氏症和癫痫。
  
  弥敦道克莱因, 59 ,首先进行了开创性的待遇告诉每日电讯报,在基因治疗,他就已经”在一个国家,没有任何人能够生存下去” 。
  
  4年前,克莱因进行了改组步态和震撼却不能撤销,由传统的治疗方法。然后医生迈克尔kaplitt插入孔洞间穿过他的头骨罚款8英寸皮下注入35亿元,转基因病毒,以帮助纠正化学不平衡火花帕金森。
  
  该电视节目制作人告诉每日电讯报说,他有意识地在5个小时的行动,并”告诉他们,黄色笑话” 。
  
  “什么事都没有发生,为第一周,然后什么事都没有发生,为第二个星期,然后在一个月后,两个月来,然后在3个月,我以为我好一点点,没有什么, ”克莱因说。 “这是喜欢看草,但大约半年后,我开始感觉好多了” 。
  
  “这是一个令人鼓舞的初步研究,这一技术评论说: ”卡尔教授克拉克的伯明翰大学。 ”然而,更大和更长的临床试验将在提出前必须得到我们可以得出结论,这种处理方法是既有效又安全的,我们都清楚知道大安慰剂效应,在帕金森病的临床试验。
  
  “我们也看到了令人鼓舞的成果,在小型外科手术的试验与胎儿黑质移植和神经胶质源性神经生长因子( gdnf )逆转,在规模较大的审判导致进一步的发展,被遗弃的,它将会采取临床试验在今后5年至10年,以确保这项技术的工程,并表示,它不伤害病人,它会需要更长的时间才能确定它是具有成本效益,为国民保健基金” 。
  
  (译得乱七八糟,各位朋友将就一下吧) 

river1977:帕金森病的基因治疗初战告捷  日期:2007-11-24 [回复3楼]

  帕金森病的基因治疗初战告捷
  «美国科学院院报»的最近一期文章报道了首次成功进行帕金森病的基因治疗的脑扫描结果。
  以前基因治疗从未用于人类的神经退行性疾病,所以此研究是一个重要的里程碑。
  纽约大学医学院的科研人员将无毒的基因修饰病毒注入帕金森病人的脑内。此病毒携带能减少帕金森病人脑中过度活跃的神经细胞,从而影响病人的运动控制系统。被注射的基因只被注入一侧脑区来降低风险性并可更好地评估试验结果。
  进行治疗的试验包括11名男性和1名女性。脑扫描是其中一部份检测手段。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)可在治疗前、治疗后6个月和治疗后1年后进行。PET扫描显示不同神经环路活性的前后变化,参与运动的大脑环路的恢复提示此治疗方法在起作用。另外病人症状也有显著改善。
  病人在接受部分疾病受累脑区直接注射后,脑扫描显示帕金森病人原先异常的一些大脑回路又可以恢复正常功能。治疗一个月后可以见到功能恢复的迹象,所有病人在3-6个月后有平均30%的运动功能改善。令医生诧异的是有一个病人居然有65%的运动功能改善。
  领导此研究的David Eidelberg博士说,“脑扫描显示基因治疗可纠正脑的异常活性,由此而产生治疗作用。在病人进行脑扫描前,人们不清楚这种功能恢复作用是安慰剂的作用,还是注射基因治疗药物的作用?但是脑扫描的详细数据可以说明病人脑中的特异改变可用基因治疗来解释。”
  世界上有几百万人患帕金森病,它通常在50岁后发病,主要表现为震颤、行动不便和肌强直等。目前此病治疗没有特效药。现有药物可改善症状,但是有副作用,如多巴胺功能紊乱症等。
  病人由此增加用药剂量,易使病情恶化、处境危险。帕金森病主要是特定脑区含多巴胺的神经细胞的丢失。多巴胺可为部分脑区提供协调运动的信息,当含多巴胺的细胞死亡后,这些脑区的功能丧失。本试验中随着过度活跃的细胞的破坏产生另外的化学信号水平的下降,可使多巴胺水平增加。研究小组下一步打算进行更大范围的治疗,计划明年初进行持续18个月的试验。
   

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